Kyung Hee University · Mechanical Engineering

Mastering transient thermal loads in next-generation high heat-flux systems.

The Advanced Transient Thermal Systems Lab develops scalable cooling technologies for next-generation electronics, power systems, and data centers — combining phase change materials, transient heat transfer, and data-driven design.

ATTS Lab Research Thrusts: AI-enabled Thermal System Design, Next-generation Cooling Solution Development, and System & Packaging-level Cooling Strategy Integration
4
Prospective Projects
PCM
Core Technology
2026
Lab Established
Curiosity
// 01 — People

Bridging materials, heat transfer, and system design.

// PI

Principal Investigator

I am an Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engineering at Kyung Hee University. My research lies at the intersection of heat transfer, materials engineering, and system design, with a focus on managing transient and high heat-flux conditions in modern thermal systems.

My work explores the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into cooling architectures to address dynamic thermal loads that cannot be effectively managed by conventional steady-state approaches. I am particularly interested in bridging the gap between material behavior and system-level performance, enabling scalable and reliable thermal solutions for high-power electronics, data centers, and HVAC applications.

Prior to joining Kyung Hee University, I was a postdoctoral researcher at Texas A&M University with Prof. Patrick J. Shamberger, working on salt-hydrate eutectic-graphite foam composite PCMs (DOE BENEFIT) and barocaloric plastic crystal cooling systems (ONR). I received my Ph.D. in Mechanical Science & Engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, co-advised by Prof. William P. King and Prof. Nenad Miljkovic, and my B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Korea University.

Education & Experience

MAR 2026 — PRESENT
Assistant Professor
Kyung Hee University, Mechanical Engineering
JAN 2025 — FEB 2026
Postdoctoral Researcher
Texas A&M University, Materials Science & Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Patrick J. Shamberger
AUG 2017 — DEC 2024
Ph.D. in Mechanical Science & Engineering
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Advisors: Prof. William P. King & Prof. Nenad Miljkovic (2020–24); Prof. Gaurav Bahl (2017–20)
MAR 2010 — FEB 2016
B.S. in Mechanical Engineering
Korea University

Research Interests

PCM-based cooling Transient heat transfer Hybrid cooling systems Electronics packaging Reduced-order modeling Data-driven design Caloric materials
// STUDENTS

Students & Researchers

Recruiting our founding members
ATTS Lab is actively recruiting Ph.D., M.S., and undergraduate researchers. If you're excited about thermal systems and want to be part of building this lab from the ground up, reach out.
// 02 — Research

Four projects to launch at Kyung Hee University.

As ATTS Lab is in its founding stage, the four projects below outline our planned research roadmap, set to launch sequentially as the lab grows. Together they integrate material innovation with system co-design to address the growing thermal challenges in modern electronics — organized under three complementary thrusts spanning AI-enabled design, novel cooling solutions, and system-level integration.

// Lab Vision

Integrated Thermal Management via Material Innovation & System Co-Design

We aim to bridge the gap between novel thermal materials and real-world system requirements, addressing rising power densities in AI data centers and next-generation high-power electronics through three interconnected research thrusts.

// 01
The Challenge
AI accelerators, EV inverters, and 5G infrastructure push thermal loads beyond what conventional cooling can handle. The bottleneck isn't average heat — it's the sudden, intense thermal pulses that limit reliability and performance.
// 02
Why PCMs?
Phase change materials absorb enormous heat during melting at near-constant temperature. This latent heat buffering is uniquely suited for transient loads — when peak power lasts seconds to minutes, not hours.
// 03
Our Approach
We co-design materials, heat transfer, and system architecture together — combining novel PCM composites, AI-driven optimization, and packaging-level integration that prior work treated separately.
// 04
Why It Matters
From data centers consuming gigawatts to EVs that must pass safety tests, thermal limits define what's possible. Better transient cooling enables denser, faster, and more reliable electronics — at lower energy cost.
i
// Research Roadmap
The four projects below outline a planned research roadmap for ATTS Lab. As a newly-launched lab, these projects have not yet begun — they will be initiated sequentially as the lab grows, secures funding, and recruits students.
THRUST 01

AI-enabled Thermal System Design

Multi-fidelity modeling combining physics-based ROMs with machine learning surrogates to enable rapid optimization of thermal systems under realistic, stochastic operating conditions.

PROJECT 01
Reduced-Order Modeling · Machine Learning · Optimization

Composite PCM Design under Stochastic Loads

Optimal design via physics-based ROM and ML-based surrogate models
Concept

A multi-fidelity framework combining 0D/1D/2D reduced-order models with ML surrogates designs composite PCM heat sinks that perform reliably under stochastic, time-varying thermal loads.

Significance

Existing PCM designs are limited to static or periodic loads, leaving a gap for real-world variable loads. Our framework will enable reliability-driven thermal design for data centers and power electronics.

Research Direction
  • ROM-based synthetic dataset generation
  • Training of ML surrogate models
  • Bayesian optimization for design discovery
ROM machine-learning surrogate-model Bayesian-optimization
Potential Collaborating Labs
  • Prof. Patrick Shamberger PHATE Lab · Texas A&M University
Multi-fidelity framework: physics-based ROM, ML surrogate, and design optimization
THRUST 02

Next-generation Cooling Solution Development

Novel cooling mechanisms — including PCM-integrated structures, two-phase, and pressure-tunable approaches — designed to handle transient and high heat-flux loads beyond the capability of conventional steady-state cooling.

PROJECT 02
Additive Manufacturing · CFD · Heat Transfer Experiment

3D-Printed Porous Cold Plate–PCM Hybrid

Combining latent heat storage with convective cooling under pulsed thermal loads
Concept

Porous metal cold plates fabricated via additive manufacturing are infiltrated with PCM, integrating latent-heat buffering and liquid cooling into a single device for synergistic thermal performance.

Significance

Peak loads are absorbed by PCM latent heat while average loads are removed by liquid cooling — simultaneously suppressing peak temperatures and temperature swings in high heat-flux electronics.

Research Direction
  • Design optimization of porous metal architectures
  • Effects of PCM filling fraction and channel layout
  • Prototype fabrication and thermal/hydraulic validation
additive-manufacturing PCM liquid-cooling hybrid
Related Publications
In preparation
Potential Collaborating Labs
3D-printed porous cold plate-PCM hybrid concept and mechanism
THRUST 03

System & Packaging-level Cooling Strategy Integration

Cooling architectures co-designed with electronic packaging — from chip-level interfaces to module- and system-level integration — translating material innovation into real device-level performance gains.

PROJECT 03
Active PCM · System Integration · Control

Dynamic PCM Integrated Cooling System

Pressure-driven active PCM that maintains thin melt layers for sustained cooling
Concept

By applying mechanical pressure to solid PCM, the melted liquid is actively expelled — sustaining close-contact melting and preventing the cooling degradation that occurs as the melt layer thickens in conventional bulk PCM systems.

Significance

Solves the fundamental performance-decay problem of bulk PCM cooling, lowering peak temperature and reducing system-level cooling burden — enabling effective transient thermal management for high-power-density electronics.

Research Direction
  • ROM-based design optimization
  • Integrated automatic pressurization & drainage system
  • Reusable, modular dynPCM cooling modules
dynPCM active-cooling close-contact-melting high-power
Potential Collaborating Labs
Conventional PCM vs dynPCM cooling comparison and performance
PROJECT 04
Refrigeration · Materials · Device Design

Barocaloric Material System-Level Cooling

Next-generation solid-state PCM refrigerants controlled by hydrostatic pressure
Concept

A gas-pressurized, module-scale barocaloric heat-transfer test platform enabling simultaneous measurement of pressure-driven thermal effects and heat transfer, with a path toward system-level integration.

Significance

Existing barocaloric studies are limited to milligram-scale property characterization, making real-world heat-transfer behavior difficult to assess. This platform will evaluate barocaloric performance and heat transfer at the module level — bridging materials and system for next-generation HVAC refrigerants.

Research Direction
  • Advanced gas-pressurized tube module design (1–100 bar)
  • Temperature-scanning calorimetry & dynamics
  • Cycle & system-level modeling for HVAC scale-up
barocaloric solid-state HVAC refrigeration
Related Publications
In preparation
Potential Collaborating Labs
  • Prof. Patrick Shamberger PHATE Lab · Texas A&M University
Barocaloric module-scale test platform and heat flow characterization
// 03 — Publications

Peer-reviewed publications.

Selected journal articles in heat transfer and phase change materials. For the most up-to-date list and citation metrics, please visit Google Scholar.

2026

3 papers
2026
L. Oelkers, S. Kim, R. McAfee, A. Wilson, M. Fish, P. Shamberger
Heat Transfer Coefficient Effect on Thermal Impedance of Phase Change Composites
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 261, 128493
2026
S. Tsai, L. Cheng, A. Albazroun, Q. Wang, J. Kim, A. Tekinalp, S. Kim, C. Simcox, R. Downing, V. Sivaramakrishnan, G. Carsello, M. Bimrose, W. Eom, W. P. King, M. Gazzola, S. Tawfick
Hierarchical Artificial Muscle with Nonlinear Elasticity for Antagonistic and Cyclic Robotics
Advanced Science, e21604
2026
V. S. Garimella, W. Fu, R. A. Stavins, S. Kim, T. Shockner, E. Koronio, D. Sahray, I. Salman, V. Fu, G. Ziskind, W. P. King, N. Miljkovic
Analysis of Dynamic Phase Change Materials
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 262, 128507

2025

4 papers
2025
S. Kim, R. A. Stavins, E. Shoham, G. Ziskind, N. Miljkovic, W. P. King
High Power Transient Thermal Management with Dynamic Phase Change Material and Liquid Cooling
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 246, 126998
2025
I. Salman, T. Shockner, R. A. Stavins, T. Shockner, S. Kim, E. Koronio, O. Gal, W. P. King, N. Miljkovic, G. Ziskind
A "Hourglass" System for Transient Thermal Management Based on Dynamic Close-Contact Melting of a Phase-Change Material
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 239, 126542
2025
S. Kim, H. Kim, W. P. King, N. Miljkovic
Optimal Phase Change Material Integration Strategies for Maximizing Electronic Device Reliability
Applied Thermal Engineering, 267, 125736
2025
S. Kim, R. A. Stavins, V. S. Garimella, E. Koronio, T. Shockner, G. Ziskind, N. Miljkovic, W. P. King
Cooling High Power Electronics Using Dynamic Phase Change Material
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 237, 126433

2024

2 papers
2024 Editor's Pick
R. A. Stavins, S. Kim, A. Meddling, V. S. Garimella, E. Koronio, T. Shockner, G. Ziskind, N. Miljkovic, W. P. King
Dynamic Phase Change Materials with Extended Surfaces
Applied Physics Letters, 125(6)
2024
V. Garimella, W. Fu, R. Stavins, S. Kim, T. Shockner, E. Koronio, G. Ziskind, W. P. King, N. Miljkovic
Fundamental Limits of Dynamic Phase Change Materials
Applied Physics Letters, 124(12)

2023

3 papers
2023
R. McAfee, M. Fish, A. Wilson, H. Tsang, J. Boltersdorf, S. Kim, W. P. King, N. Miljkovic
Fabrication and Thermal Properties of a Gallium and Porous Foam Composite Phase Change Material
ACS Applied Engineering Materials, 1(11), 2847–2857
2023
S. Kim, H. Kim, W. P. King, N. Miljkovic
Gaussian Process Optimization of Phase Change Material Heat Sink Design
Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals, 85(12), 1767–1785
2023
S. Kim, T. Yang, N. Miljkovic, W. P. King
Phase Change Material Integrated Cooling for Transient Thermal Management of Electronic Devices
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 213, 124263

2021

1 paper
2021 Editor's Pick
S. Kim, D. B. Sohn, C. W. Peterson, G. Bahl
On-Chip Optical Non-Reciprocity through a Synthetic Hall Effect for Photons
APL Photonics, 6(1)
// 04 — Recent

Lab news & updates.

2026.05
Website
Our lab website is officially live! Explore our research roadmap, publications, and learn how to join us.
2026.04
Conference
Attended the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers (KSME) annual meeting.
2026.03
Lab
ATTS Lab officially launches at Kyung Hee University. Recruiting motivated M.S./Ph.D. students.
// 05 — Join Us

Build the future of thermal systems with us.

We're actively recruiting motivated Ph.D. and M.S. students and undergraduate researchers passionate about heat transfer, materials, and computational modeling. All four research projects are available as thesis topics.

Ph.D. Students M.S. Students Undergrad Researchers
Get in Touch →